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Pros and Cons of RFID Technology

I. RFID Advantages

Radio Frequency Identification provides a valuable service that is capable of revolutionizing the way companies track products. There are many benefactors of this technology: the military, retailers, suppliers, consulting firms, producers of the technology, and consumers. RFID provides companies with a better alternative to bar-coding because no line-of-sight is needed to read a pallet, a carton, or a product with a RFID tag. RFID tags also contain information on the product that is easily readable and accessible for the reader. RFID will also begin to automate company's supply chain, reducing labor costs, human error and time spent checking in products.

In 2005, manufacturers and suppliers requesting new bids from the military must be RFID compliant on four different levels: packaged operational rations, clothing, tools, and weapon system repair parts and components. The military requires that all cartons and pallets are shipped with a Military Shipping Label which displays shipping data. The Department of Defense has created the RFID Military Compliance Solution as a way to help suppliers and manufacturers meet the military's new standards for RFID. The program is run by Avery Dennison Retail Information Services, and they were commissioned by the RFID Military Compliance Solution. Avery Dennison Retail Information Services sells the RFID tags to companies which must be affixed close to the Military Shipping Labels to comply with Department of Defense regulations.

The U.S. military is saving an enormous amount of money by using active and passive RFID systems. By using RFID for communication and transportation systems in Iraq and Afghanistan, the military is able to diagnose and fix problems much faster than before. The implementation of RFID in just this area will save the military close to half a million dollars this year. The U.S. government has contracted IBM to do research on the current RFID being used currently in the military and the potential future applications for RFID in the military. The military has been successful in creating better visibility throughout their supply chain increasing their productivity and stability.

Retailers and other companies that have a demanding supply chain can gain an advantage on the field by using RFID in the supply chain. By demanding that all levels of their supply chain be RFID capable is a sizable investment. The productivity increase that follows the initial investment and implementation for companies will pay for their investment. Wal-Mart was the first retailer to use RFID in their distribution centers and warehouses, prompting many companies to follow in their footsteps once Wal-Mart's success was realized.

RFID is very successful with retail companies because it improves productivity, saves on human labor costs, and gives companies real-time visibility with all their products. RFID tags use an Electronic Product Code (EPC) which is an upgrade and a replacement for the Universal Product Code (UPC) system. "EPC has a 96-bit code that has digits to identify the manufacturer, product category and the individual item. Manufacturers obtain registration numbers & assign them to products. Each number is unique to a given item."

The cost of a tag is anywhere between twenty-five to fifty cents. In the next five to ten years it could be reduced to five cents per tag. At some point in the near future tags could fall to one cent tempting companies to use RFID tags on every product in a store. Wal-Mart says that since their stores now have RFID, it makes it easier to keep store shelves stocked allowing employees to interact with customers.

Target was able to save on their investment for implementing RFID, following in Wal-Mart's footsteps as Wal-Mart had already paved the way and suffered the pitfalls of implementing a new technology. In addition to the lower implementation costs, many of Target's suppliers had already begun preparing for the switch over to RFID assuming Target would follow Wal-Mart. Target as a large retailer knows how important it is to be able to provide real-time data on pallets, cartons and shipments up and down-stream through their supply chain.

A break-through in RFID technology was made by Intermec, Inc. in May of 2006, with new rugged and reusable RFID tags. These tags can be written thousands of times; it can handle hazardous chemical exposure, and withstands temperatures from -50 degrees Fahrenheit to 250 degrees Fahrenheit. In October of 2006, Intermec released a new version of the rugged, reusable RFID tag, including wide-band antenna that can be used on any surface in any part of the world.

RFID makes the business world seem like a smaller place, even companies like Wal-Mart who are very big and have a large integrated supply chain. RFID enables companies to be more efficient with their time and space. Companies that combine some newer supply chain technologies with RFID could see great results. Combining auto-picking with RFID would reduce man-power needed, time needed to move pallets and cartons around a warehouse, and time needed to send pallets to their proper destination. The goal of a company's supply chain should be to reduce time needed to be productive, by automating as much of the supply chain as possible. It reduces human error, and machines are capable of running twenty-four hours a day and cost less than human labor. The
application of RFID for a large company like Wal-Mart or Target, as well as smaller retail stores can ensure a better shopping experience with more in-stock items and a more knowledgeable store.

The RFID market is booming and many technological companies have gotten in the game producing RFID parts and systems. In many cases being a producer of RFID components and systems also allows you to become a consulting firm for the technology. Hewlett Packard (HP) is one of the largest companies developing RFID systems. HP's goal is to make it as easy and affordable as possible for a company adopting RFID technology. HP has experience in the RFID field, as they were one of the early adopters of the technology and have been very successful integrating it into their business. HP began with two larger clients, Hasbro (produces children's toys) and Conros (a large Wal-Mart supplier). Hewlett Packard has created two RFID Centers for Excellence, one in California and one in Taiwan, to demonstrate new potential uses for the technology, as well as how it can be implemented into a business. More centers are slated to be opened throughout the world, including Great Britain, Singapore, and Tokyo RFID Centers for Excellence.

The RFID market sits at roughly one billion dollars in 2006 and has varying estimates as to the growth potential of the market. Estimates of RFID market size in 2008 vary anywhere from .3 billion by IDC, to .2 Billion by the Yankee Group. As shown in Figure 1 in the appendix, most of the industry is made up of sales of hardware, tags, readers and other physical products of RFID. Roughly 20-25% of the market is made up of consulting work for the technology and the last 5% is made up of software for RFID. The two biggest areas firms are concentrating on are the production and consulting sides of RFID.

The biggest challenges for producers and consultants alike are the reliability and durability of RFID systems and products. It is hard to simulate the wear and tear a product will experience over time. HP has made testing RFID products one of their benchmarks, providing intense field-testing of RFID to ensure its durability and quality. A competitor of HP is IBM, who according to AMR Research is the market leader in RFID. IBM has over eleven years experience working with RFID, and like HP, they were an early adopter of RFID technology. The advantage that IBM has over HP is there world-renowned consulting services, coupled with their immense networking capabilities. IBM's services promise more results than HP's RFID systems mainly because of IBM's consulting expertise. IBM works with companies to locate the best avenues to implement RFID, attempting to maximize Return on Investment (ROI) by reducing one person per shift from manually tracking products allowing them to focus on value-added manufacturing activities. IBM also focuses on other ways to improve ROI including, offering a one-time savings of 0,000 in operating costs, continuous fabrication line operations, better customer service providing real-time information on products, and less errors and delays cause by human error.

RFID began to take off once companies like Wal-Mart and Target, and the U.S. military demanded that their top 100 suppliers must adopt RFID technology. Many suppliers were not ready for a move like this, a move that would completely retrofit their current operations at a high cost to the supplier. There were some suppliers that welcomed the change in technology and already began implementing RFID in anticipation of Wal-Mart and the U.S. military's demand that their suppliers adopt the new technology. Wal-Mart demanded that their top one hundred suppliers would need to be RFID ready by January 2005, and to Wal-Mart's surprise, twenty three extra suppliers have volunteered to make the change to RFID. There is a new generation of tags that hit the market in 2005, called the Gen 2 Standard, which make RFID more appealing to suppliers who have no RFID systems in place. The Gen 2 RFID improves on the first generation of RFID by increasing read times, increasing read ranges, and read tags more accurately.

Suppliers and manufacturers will notice the benefits of implementing RFID into their organizations streamlining parts of their operations. Return on Investment is the most important factor for a business implementing RFID. Suppliers will see their ROI increase as human labor hours are decreased, human errors are decreased and interoperability is increased. RFID increases the visibility of the suppliers so they can do their job in real time, assuring that the correct package is sent to the correct location. It also saves money in the long-term for manufacturers and suppliers because RFID will save time spent inventorying and tracking products. An advantage for suppliers and manufacturers using RFID is customization of products in a shorter period of time. Smaller suppliers and manufacturers will have a harder time implementing RFID, as costs range from 0,000 to million to implement the technology, but as costs go down more companies will adopt RFID.

RFID does have another potential benefit for suppliers that could give them invaluable information. For Wal-Mart suppliers, readers are set up at the back door so suppliers know when their shipments have arrived increasing visibility for both entities. A second reader is placed at the entrance to the sales floor so the supplier can see what is on-hand on the sales floor and in the stock room. This will allow the supplier to see which products sell better than others so that they can be replaced, and it also allows the supplier to develop more accurate sales forecasts. A secondary benefit of RFID is that the promotions that merchandisers spend a lot of money to set up are often left in the stock room for too long or are improperly placed. Now merchandisers and vendors can make sure their promotions are being handled correctly. Suppliers and manufacturers have the potential to save money on production costs, while making money on customized products.

Consumers should be the ultimate winner with RFID being implemented throughout a company's supply chain. In the long-run, stores will save money throughout their supply chain, thus bringing down costs to consumers. Consumers should also expect to find more helpful and more informative customers service with companies that have RFID. These companies now have real-time data to share with the customer. A consumer complaint about retail stores has always been that there are too many out-of-stock items; however, with RFID in place many of these stores should see a significant decrease in out-of-stock items. Having RFID tags on certain products can also make people's lives much easier, such as a microwave that is a reader and recognizes the tag of the food you put in and will automatically cook it according to the directions on the tag. It also helps environmentally because companies will use resources more efficiently, benefiting everyone. Once RFID tags are able to be used on food products it will make a recall on a certain item much easier and it could potentially save lives.

Consumers use RFID everyday and many do not realize the benefits they are receiving from the technology. Contactless payment is a developing technology, the card being used contains a tag and the payment area contains a reader. Mobil and Exxon use a "Speedpass" as their contactless form of payment allowing customers to wave the card in front of a reader to pay for gas or anything in the convenient store. Visa and Mastercard are the two biggest developers of this technology, claiming that it will benefit everyone from consumers to businesses. It allows people to have preset money on a card (either debit or credit) which decreases waiting time at check-out stands and increases loyalty to companies that offer this feature. Another use of smart cards is keyless entries, which is becoming a popular trend in America, using just a card and swipe it over the sensor to allow entry. RFID is a beneficial technology for consumers saving time and offering conveniences traditional bar codes, credit cards and keys cannot offer.

RFID contains many advantages over traditional ways of coding pallets, boxes and products. It allows for non-line of sight reading of the tag which stores all the product information. RFID reduces human labor costs and human errors through the supply chain saving companies money, as well as reducing theft in the store and warehouses. RFID can save lives as well if there is a recall and the recalled food item or product is tagged, then it would be easier to collect all the units.

II. Disadvantages

Radio Frequency Identification has been around for over fifty years, but it has been the rapid development and deployment of the technology over the last five years that has raised people's awareness and understanding of the technology. While there are many potential benefits for RFID, there are many pitfalls as well. Every level that could benefit from RFID can also reap negative rewards from the technology.

The U.S. military was one of the early adopters of the technology using it for over ten years in a limited area of their operations. In 2003 they upgraded their usage of the technology by demanding that all suppliers must affix a RFID tag to every pallet, carton and big-ticket item being shipped to the military. The biggest problem the military faces is an issue of security. With complete product information on a tag it is easy for an enemy of the United States to pull information off a tag. This could result in loss of life of U.S. soldiers or even U.S. civilians if the wrong product ended up in the wrong hands. The tags could inform enemies of potential weaknesses and strengths of our military and give them a view on how to attack us at our weakest points.

Large companies like Wal-Mart and Target who use RFID face many potential problems with the technology. RFID has no proven infrastructure making it difficult for suppliers to keep up with these company's demands to become RFID-ready. If the suppliers cannot effectively implement RFID into their business, then retailers cannot fully view their supply chain. If retailers cannot get all their information in real time across their entire supply chain, then the issues they are trying to solve will remain problems. Out-of-stock items, first-in-first-out products and last-in-last out products will still cause problems for these large retailers.

EPCGlobal is a start to an international standards body for RFID. It has yet to be approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and there is still not a global frequency standard. While 900 MHz appears to be the best frequency due to its long read-range capability, 13.56 MHz is still used delaying the standardization of global frequency for RFID. High costs of RFID implementation is the reason many mid-size and smaller retailers have not adopted the technology. The short-term outlook for companies who use RFID isn't impressive, although long-term benefits will be realized.

Privacy issues are the number one pitfall for RFID and retailers. As long as the tags are only affixed to pallets and cartons then the retailers would not have any specific information on the consumer. However, when RFID tag prices fall, companies like Wal-Mart and Target plan on using RFID tags on individual products which they can trace consumer's buying habits and other information consumer's wish to keep private. It was privacy issues that force Benetton to cease their pilot RFID system. They wanted to embed a tag in articles of clothing to stop theft, determine consumer buying habits and keep their inventory at an acceptable level. Privacy advocate groups such as the Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion (CASPIAN) fight companies using RFID to track consumer behavior. A study showed that up to 78% of America was against RFID based solely on privacy issues. It will be difficult for companies in the future to tag individual items without a public outcry without some form of protection for the public's privacy rights.

Consumers have the largest disadvantage of any other entities involved with RFID technology. There are five privacy issues that consumers must try to protect themselves from: Hidden placement of tags, unique identifiers for objects worldwide, massive data aggregation, hidden readers, and individual tracking and profiling. Hidden placement of tags by companies is an easy way to get information from consumers. The consumer will feel safe buying a product with no knowledge of an RFID tag embedded in their clothing. These tags theoretically could track a person around the world if there were readers in specific locations throughout the world. Personal information may also be embedded in these tags giving information as detailed as your medical history. Prada and Swatch use embedded tags in their clothing, and Benetton did as well, but a boycott of Benetton was successful and they removed their tags. There is no law against companies embedding tags, and only California and Utah have made official requests to change the situation.

Companies who use RFID can compile massive amounts of data on consumers, including product likes or dislikes, buying power or even prescription history. RFID makes it easy to amass this data and to designate correlations. If a corporation owns many stores they can combine data between companies and create new data on buying habits.

Hidden readers violate people's privacy much the same way hidden tags do. Gillette and Accenture are introducing "silent commerce" which embeds tags on people's products and readers in strategic locations without the consumer's knowledge. These companies have experimented with different reader locations ranging from secret carpet locations to shelve locations and even hidden in floor tiles. Readers could even be installed in doorways on street lights, anywhere that people have to pass through, and instantly all information embedded in the tag is broadcast to the reader. If this were to happen privacy would be impossible because you would never know if the products you have contain tags, and you never know when you are within proximity to a reader.

The disadvantages of RFID hinge mainly on privacy concerns, technological imperfections, cost of the technology and no proven way to set up an RFID system for a company. The government and corporations are the two groups that offer the most concern for privacy issues. Hidden tags and readers threaten to take away human mystery, offering a world where people see, feel and hear only what the government and large corporation want people to.

III. Future of RFID

The future of RFID is uncertain, however, the technology is here to stay. Companies have many obstacles to overcome to make the technology a feasible option to be implemented. Privacy issues and will persist, although cost for RFID systems will decrease. In order for RFID to be successful, companies must work with privacy advocate groups to develop a fair way to implement RFID without alienating their customers.

Technology will continue to develop for RFID and many new applications will be realized. Automation will be a side-effect of RFID development, in the supply chain and in everyday activities. Contactless payment methods are already available, as well as automatic keycards to open doors. RFID tags installed in cars with readers on the roads and freeways will alert the authority if you are breaking the law. Supermarkets will eventually be able to realize their shopping cart checkout system once prices fall to a more affordable price. Fresh foods, metals and liquids will all be RFID compatible in the near future. If privacy issues are not watched closely, people will become tagged and there will always be someone watching and analyzing every person's decisions.

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The Best Lineage 2 Bots - L2Walker and L2Superman

Botting is something that many people have already discovered and do in many popular games, including Lineage 2. If you are familiar with the game Lineage 2, you know that Lineage 2 adena can be hard to get. That becomes a whole lot easier when you use a Lineage 2 bot. There are two popular bots for the MMORPG Lineage 2. One is L2Walker. It is a simpler to use program and great for someone getting started. Another bot that is more complex but offers al ot more control over your character is L2Superman. You can use either on of these bots with your Lineage 2 account to get lots of levels for your character and lots of adena so you can buy just about anything in the game that you want to. If you have ever tried to use a macro before for Lineage 2, L2Walker and L2Superman are much better. They are easier to setup because you don't have to script them if you don't want to and they bypass the protection software that tries to catch you cheating in Lineage 2. 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Songs, Finger Plays & Activities for Infants & Toddlers

That precious little person in your life is definitely the cutest thing on the planet earth, and positively the most intelligent! Why, he was born speaking Greek, and you don't even know any foreign languages!

But seriously, language is one of the first ways developmental growth in children is noticed by the general population. Mom and Dad and Grandma and Grandpa know this baby is the next Baseball Hall of Famer or Albert Einstein, but the cashier at the supermarket won't know diddly squat about that adorable big blue eyed baby unless she can speak intelligently while strapped safely in the shopping cart.

So how can one help promote language skills besides reciting the abc's and Mary Had a Little Lamb and Twinkle Twinkle Little Star over and over again?

Starting with finger plays, action rhymes, and songs to sing, there will be numerous activities listed. Each will explain the multi purposes of and the age of the child for which the activity is intended. More will be added over time as they are found.

FOR MOTOR SKILLS WITH TODDLERS:

Start with clapping and tapping your hands and feet. Let your toddler mimic your actions.

Read the following rhyme, clapping and tapping when indicated:

I have two little hands that clap, clap, clap.

I have two little feet that tap, tap, tap.

Clap, clap, clap.

Tap, tap, tap.

Clap, clap, tap.

Encourage your child to SAY "Clap" and "Tap" as you say the rhyme.

FOR SELF-CONCEPT BODY AWARENESS WITH TODDLERS:

Sing the following song to the tune of "The Farmer In The Dell."

Where are your piggy toes?

Where are your piggy toes?

Oh no, where have they gone,

(pull off socks)

I see your piggy toes.

Pulling off socks is one of the first skills a toddler learns. Sing this song while pulling off your child's socks, then let your child pull them off by himself. Encourage your child to pull off the socks without any help while you sing the song.

SELF-CONCEPT AND MOTOR SKILLS FOR TODDLERS:

One of the most challenging things a toddler is learning is how to dress herself. Somehow it always seems the diapers come off easier than the shoes go on!

Encourage your child to practice motor skills and begin recognizing opposites by giving her a hat that fits easily on her head. Have her put the hat on and take it off, saying Hat on, hat off, hat on, hat off as she does.

SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY AWARENESS FOR TODDLERS:

Sing the following to the tune of "Are You Sleeping?"

Head and shoulders,

Head and shoulders.

Knees and toes,

Knees and toes.

Eyes and ears,

Eyes and ears.

Mouth and nose,

Mouth and nose.

Have your child touch each body part as it is sung, then repeat the song naming different parts of the body.

THINKING SKILLS FOR TODDLERS:

Recognizing that an object is still there though it can't be seen is a significant milestone for toddlers. Play peek-a-boo often with your child, and play games where an object is hidden with a blanket, scarf or bandana, or inside another object.

MOTOR SKILLS FOR TODDLERS:

Recite the following rhyme with your toddler sitting on your knees. Move your knees and toddler up and down following the lyrics.

Marching, marching,

Up we go.

Marching marching,

Nice and slow.

Marching, marching,

Down, down, down.

Marching, marching,

Through the town.

Let your child stand and stretch up high and bend down low, or be lifted high or put down low as you recite the poem.

MOTOR SKILLS, LISTENING, AND EXERCISE FOR TODDLERS:

Large motor skills are needed in order to develop as well. Sing the following song to the tune of "The Farmer In The Dell" and let your child giggle and wiggle as you both do the movements to the song. Substitute different body parts and actions.

Shake your arms like this,

Shake your arms like this,

Clap your hands and turn around,

Shake your arms like this.

MOTOR & THINKING SKILLS, EXERCISE FOR TODDLERS AND ALL AGES:

This is a great one to do when you're super busy, yet your child is demanding your attention. It is also a great activity to do for transition times such as after story time getting ready for lunch, after playtime getting ready to go to the store, and other difficult times when you just HAVE to do something else besides hold your toddler on your hip.

Recite the following actions, doing the motions slowly at first, then quickly. The kids will dissolve into peals of laughter and free you up to get a few things done.

Clap, clap, clap your hands as slowly as you can.

Clap, clap, clap your hands as quickly as you can.

Rub, rub, rub your hands as slowly as you can.

Rub, rub, rub your hands as quickly as you can.

Roll your hands...

Wiggle your fingers...(sometimes I wiggle my fingers accidentally on their ribs!)

Twiddle your thumbs...

Stomp your feet...

Wiggle your body...

Wiggle your eyebrows...

Slap your knees...

Blink your eyes...

ACTION AND LANGUAGE BUILDING POETRY FOR THE YOUNG CHILD:

Poetry is a clearly delightful way to introduce children to new words and language skills. Here are a couple of poems that have not only lots of fun words to learn, but to act upon, too!

JUMP OR JIGGLE

Frogs jump

Caterpillars hump

Worms wiggle

Bugs jiggle

Rabbits hop

Horses clop

Snakes slide

Seagulls glide

Mice creep

Deer leap

Puppies bounce

Kittens pounce

Lions stalk-

But-

I walk!

~~~by EVELYN BEYER~~~

WHISKY FRISKY

Whisky frisky,

Hipperty hop,

Up he goes

To the tree top!

Whirly, twirly,

Round and round,

Down he scampers

To the ground.

Furly, curly,

What a tail,

Tall as a feather,

Broad as a sail.

Where's his supper?

In the shell.

Snappy, cracky,

Out it fell.

ANON

THINKING SKILLS AND SELF-CONCEPT BODY AWARENESS FOR TODDLERS:

Counting repetitively to two with a toddler gives him a boost in premath skills. Have your child point to his ears, eyes, hands, feet, legs, knees, cheeks, elbows, thumbs, big toes, or heels, and count each one with him: One, two, one, two, one, two...Progress to 5 fingers or toes.

FUN HUGGING CUDDLING GIGGLY TIME WITH YOUR TODDLER OR CHILD OF ANY AGE:

The following rhyme is a favorite with kids of all ages.

Round and round the garden runs the little mouse. (Hold your child's hand palm up, running your finger in circles very lightly on his palm.)

Up, up, up he scampers, (Touch your child's arm on wrist, inside of elbow, and upper arm on each "up".)

Into his little HOUSE! (Tickle your child's underarm on HOUSE!) This is almost guaranteed to be a favorite of both you and your child!

Fun TICKLY KNEE Activity:

All ages of my daycare kids have loved this over the years. Very simple for people who don't memorize things well, it's a great standby for just about any child! Just tickle the child's knee above and to the outside of his knee while reciting the following, and be almost 100% guaranteed that squeals of delight will follow, along with constant begging for MORE, and DO IT AGAIN!

Tickly knee, tickly knee, if your laugh, you don't love me! (That's it! See, I told you it was simple!)

FUN SEASONAL FINGERPLAYS AND ACTIVITIES:

Tune-The Mulberry Bush

Jumping in the pumpkin patch, (jumping through the whole verse)

Pumpkin patch, pumpkin patch,

Jumping in the pumpkin patch,

So early in the morning.

**Substitute clapping, stomping, flying, swaying, winking, etc.

SIMON SAYS FOR HALLOWEEN:

1. Fly like a bat.

2. Stomp like a monster.

3. Walk like a skeleton.

4. Hop like a bunny.

5. Pounce like a cat.

6. Dance like a ballerina.

7. Roll like a pumpkin...

COUNTING FIVE LITTLE PUMPKINS:

Five little pumpkins sitting on a gate.

One fell down and broke his plate.

Four little pumpkins sitting on a gate.

One fell down and lost his skate.

Three little pumpkins sitting on a gate.

One fell down and lost some weight.

Two little pumpkins sitting on a gate.

One fell down and said "Don't be late!"

The littlest pumpking sitting on a gate

Fell down and said, "No more pumpkins sitting on the gate!"

FIVE LITTLE OWLS:

The first little owl has great, round eyes. (Point to one finger at a time.)

The second little owl is of very small size.

The third little owl can turn her head.

The fourth little owl likes mice, she said.

The fifth little owl flies all around,

And her wings make hardly a single sound.

FOUR SEASONS POEM:

Spring is showery, bowery, flowery.

Summer is hoppy, choppy, poppy.

Autumn is wheezy, sneezy, freezy.

Winter is slippy, drippy, nippy.

ANON

MUD poem:

Mud is very nice to feel

All squishy-squash between the toes!

I'd rather wade in wiggly mud

Than smell a yellow rose.

Nobody else but the rosebush knows

How nice mud feels between the toes.

by Polly Chase Boyden

Thunder Finger Play:

Thunder crashes. (Clap hands.)

Lightning flashes. (Move hands with zigzag motion.)

Rain makes puddles. (Flutter fingers.)

So I can make splashes. (Jump.)

Fun, new words, even if they're not real, can be a great way to get a baby or toddler exposed to different sounds. The earlier a child is exposed to the sounds of different languages, the easier it will be for him to pick up on them and learn them more fluently. Here are some fun poems with silly words to share with your child:

The Cow Poem:

The cow mainly moos as she chooses to moo

and she chooses to moo as she chooses.

She furthermore chews as she chooses to chew

and she chooses to chew as she muses.

If she chooses to moo she may moo to amuse

or may moo just to moo as she chooses.

If she chooses to chew she may moo as she chews

or may chew just to chew as she muses.

by Jack Prelutsky

And a silly one for an older child, Eletelephony:

Once there was an elephant,

Who tried to use the telephant--

No! no! I mean an elephone

Who tried to use the telephone--

(Dear me! I am not certain quite

That even now I've got it right.)

Howe'er it was, he got his trunk

Entangled in the telephunk;

The more he tried to get it free,

The more buzzed the telephee--

(I fear I'd better drop the song

of elephop and telephong!)

Songs and fingerplays are so much fun, and are a great bonding activity between a child and her parents, grandparents, and other caregivers.

More songs, poetry, and fingerplays will be added to this guide over time as I run across them and as I myself have time. Thanks for looking, and be sure to mark this as one of your favorites for easy reference!

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Inspirational Grieving Quotes - Using Inspirational Grieving Quotes to Deal With Loss

Everyone at some point in their lives will deal with the death of a loved one, be it a family member, lover, friend, or pet. Using inspirational grieving quotes in art and art journaling is a healthy way to work through the grief and loss of a loved one.

When someone dies that you love dearly, there are so many stages of grieving you must go through. I don't think anyone really understands how complex grieving a death is. Death is not something that is talked about much in the U.S. culture. In movies it is usually depicted as something that doesn't really affect us emotionally, or something that the deceased one can come back from.

Inspirational grieving quotes can and do help lots of people move through the grieving process, especially if they are combined with journaling and/or artwork creation. Below I've provided a couple of art ideas that you can use with inspirational grieving quotes.

But first, here are my top ten favorite quotes on death:

"For what is it to die, But to stand in the sun and melt into the wind? And when the Earth has claimed our limbs, Then we shall truly dance." - Kahlil Gibran " Death is the most beautiful adventure in life." - Charles Frohman "Life is eternal and love is immortal; And death is only a horizon, And a horizon is nothing save the limit of our sight." - Rossiter W. Raymond "The mystery of love is greater than the mystery of death." - Unknown "Death is not extinguishing the light; it is putting out the lamp because dawn has come." - Rabindranath Tagore "Our earthly loss is always a heavenly gain." - Antonio Talbert "Perhaps they are not stars, but openings in the Heaven, Where the love of our lost ones pours through and shines down upon us, To let us know they are happy." - Author Unknown "Death is not the end. Death can never be the end. Death is the road. Life is the traveller. The Soul is the Guide." - Sri Chinmoy "I think of death as some delightful journey that I shall take when all my tasks are done." - Ella Wheeler Wilcox "Death--- the last sleep? No the final awakening." - Walter Scott
Art Ideas For Use With Inspirational Grieving Quotes:

Letters to Heaven Mail Box

It doesn't need to be "Heaven", it can be The Universe, The After Life, etc. Find a shoe box (or other type of box) and decorate it in a way that you think a "mail box in heaven" would look like. Use your imagination. Write letters, create drawings, or write out quotes and poems to your loved one. Put your letters and drawings in envelopes and address them to departed one. Or find inspirational grieving quotes that move you and write them on postcards (these can be homemade). Put your letters and postcards in the mail box and visualize then being picked up by an angel or spirit and delivered directly to the addressee. Imagine how happy they will be to receive your letters.

Using Grieving Quotes in Art Journaling

Find a quote that really say what you're feeling. Print or write them out in big letters on pretty paper and cut them up into individual words. Next look for images in magazines or draw your own images. Paste the images onto a piece of paper or into a journaling book. Place the words that form the quote on the page. Move them around until you like the way they look on the page, but still keeping them in a reading order. Glue them onto the page. If you're using a journal, consider naming this journal as a "grieving journal or naming it after your loved one. If its on a piece of paper, decorate a large envlope or box to keep all of your grieving artwork in.

It doesn't matter if you don't believe they will ever see or read these inspirational grieving quotes or your artwork. What is important is doing these things will help you move thro your feelings and help you move through the grieving process.

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How to Reset Your Printer? Troubleshooting for Resetting Your HP, Dell, Lexmark, Brother or Samsung

Ever faced problems with resetting your printer? Well, here we provide you invaluable tips to help you troubleshoot your HP, Dell, Lexmark, Brother or Samsung Printers in easy steps.

Resetting an HP laser printer

There is a technique known as cold resetting. It basically will set all your HP printer settings to the factory default levels. It is important to note that any settings made at the control panel of your printer are going to be reset. Hence, in case you happen to have a JetDirect card then even the IP address will be reset to the factory defaults. You can try to reset NVRAM. To do this, switch off your HP printer and then hold down the 'Go' key for around 20 seconds while switching the printer back on again.

- HP 1200 and 1100 models resetting: To do this, simply change the data by going into the service mode. This is applicable if your HP printer has a display panel. Otherwise you need to hold down the 'Go' button for around 5 seconds while the printer is switched on.

- HP 2100 printer resetting: You need to press the 'job cancel' key after switching off the printer. Then switch the printer on and only then release the key called 'job cancel.'

- HP 2200 printer resetting: Switch off your printer and then hold down the 'Go' key. Switch back the printer on while holding the 'Go' button till the light comes on. Then release the button.

- HP 6P and 5P models resetting: Switch off your printer and then press the 'reset' button and within 20 seconds switch on the printer back again.

Resetting a Dell printer

You can reset your Dell printer fairly easily by simply double-clicking on the 'Reset Dell Printer' icon. You can reach this icon by clicking on the folder 'UAN', then clicking on 'System Utilities' and you should find the icon. However, one word of caution - this method will function only if the USB cable has been directly connected from the PC to the printer.

Resetting a Lexmark printer

You will firstly need to switch off your printer. Then simultaneously press the RETURN and READY keys while switching the printer on. This will take you to the Diagnostics Mode. The display unit will show the message 'Performing self test'. Choose 'Maintenance count'. Reset the count to make it zero. Then select the RETURN key and go back Diagnostics Mode. Then you can reset the printer to go back to the normal mode.

Resetting Brother Printer

You need to keep pressing the DOWN or UP keys a couple of times till you see 'Maintenance 99' displayed on the display. Then hold down the 'Set' button to go to standby mode. Please note that if you press the exit key only after typing in a single digit then the machine goes to maintenance mode in initial stages.

Resetting Samsung printer

You need to press the following keys in quick succession - MENU # 1 9 3 4. Then you should see a message on your display saying 'TECH.' Then again select the MENU key followed by ENTER. The display will now show 'TECH MODE.' Then select the '

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ATA vs SATA

Hard Drives: ATA versus SATA

The performance of computer systems has been steadily increasing as faster processors, memory, and video cards are continuously being developed. The one key component that is often neglected when looking at improving the performance of a computer system is the hard drive. Hard drive manufacturers have been constantly evolving the basic hard drive used in modern computer systems for the last 25 years, and the last few years have seen some exciting developments from faster spindle speeds, larger caches, better reliability, and increased data transmission speeds.

The drive type used most in consumer grade computers is the hearty ATA type drive (commonly called an IDE drive). The ATA standard dates back to 1986 and is based on a 16-bit parallel interface has undergone many evolutions since its introduction to increase the speed and size of the drives that it can support. The latest standard is ATA-7 (first introduced in 2001 by the T13 Technical Committee (the group responsible for the ATA standard)) which supports data transfer rates up to 133MB/sec. This is expected to be the last update for the parallel ATA standard.

As long ago as 2000 it was seen that the parallel ATA standard was maxing out its limitations as to what it could handle. With data rates hitting the 133MB/sec mark on a parallel cable, you are inviting all sorts of problems because of signal timing, EMI (electromagnetic interference) and other data integrity issues; thus industry leaders got together and came up with a new standard known as Serial ATA (SATA). SATA has only been around a few years, but is destined to become "the standard" due to several benefits to be addressed in this Tech Tip.

The two technologies that we will be looking at are:
ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) - a 16-bit parallel interface used for controlling computer drives. Introduced in 1986, it has undergone many evolutions in the last 18+ years, with the latest version being called ATA-7. Wherever an item is referred to as being an ATA device, it is commonly a Parallel ATA device. ATA devices are also commonly called IDE, EIDE, Ultra-ATA, Ultra-DMA, ATAPI, PATA, etc. (each of these acronyms actually do refer to very specific items, but are commonly interchanged)
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) - a 1-bit serial evolution of the Parallel ATA physical storage interface.

Basic Features & Connections

SATA drives are easy to distinguish from their ATA cousins by the different data and power connections found on the back of the drives. A side-by-side comparison of the two interfaces can be seen in this PDF from Maxtor, and the following covers many of the differences...

Standard ATA drives, such as this 200GB Western Digital model, have somewhat bulky, two inch wide ribbon cable with 40-pin data connections and receive the 5V necessary to power them from the familiar 4-pin connection. The basic data cables for these drives have looked the same for years. A change was made with the introduction of the ATA-5 standard to better improve the signal quality by making an 80 wire cable used on the 40-pin connector (these are commonly called 40-pin/80-wire cables). To improve airflow within the computer system some manufacturers resorted to literally folding over the ribbon cable and taping it into that position. Another recent physical change also came with the advent of rounded cables. The performance of the rounded cables is equal to that of the flat ribbon, but many prefer the improved system air flow afforded, ease of wire management, and cooler appearance that come with them.

SATA drives, such as this 120GB Western Digital model, have a half inch wide, 7 "blade and beam" data connection, which results in a much thinner and easier to manage data cable. These cables take the convenience of the ATA rounded cables to the next level by being even narrower, more flexible and capable of being longer without fear of data loss. SATA cables have a maximum length of 1 meter (39.37 inches), which is much greater than the recommended 18 inch cable for ATA drives. The reduced footprint of SATA data connections frees up space on motherboards, potentially allowing for more convenient layouts and room for more onboard features!

A 15-pin power connection delivers the 250mV of necessary power to SATA drives. 15-pins for a SATA device sounds like it would require a much larger power cable than a 4-pin ATA device, but in reality the two power connectors are just about the same height. For the time being, many SATA drives are also coming with a legacy 4-pin power connector for convenience.

Many modern motherboards, such as this Chaintech motherboard, come with SATA drive connections onboard (many also including the ATA connectors as well for legacy drive compatibility), and new power supplies, such as this Ultra X-Connect, generally feature a few of the necessary 15-pin power connections, making it easy to use these drives on new systems. Older systems can easily be upgraded to support SATA drives by use of adapters, such as this PCI slot SATA controller and this 4-pin to 15-pin SATA power adapter.

Optical drives are also becoming more readily available with SATA connections. Drives such as the Plextor PX-712SA take advantage of the new interface, although the performance will not be any greater than a comparable optical drive with an ATA connection.

Performance

In addition to being more convenient to install and drawing less power, SATA drives have performance benefits that really set them apart from ATA drives.

The most interesting performance feature of SATA is the maximum bandwidth possible. As we have noted, the evolution of ATA drives has seen the data transfer rate reach its maximum at 133 MB/second, where the current SATA standard provides data transfers of up to 150 MB/second. The overall performance increase of SATA over ATA can currently be expected to be up to 5% (according to Seagate), but improvements in SATA technology will surely improve on that.

The future of SATA holds great things for those wanting even more speed, as drives with 300 MB/second transfer rates (SATA II) will be readily available in 2005, and by 2008 speeds of up to 600 MB/second can be expected. Those speeds are incredible, and are hard to imagine at this point.

Another performance benefit found on SATA drives is their built-in hot-swap capabilities. SATA drives can be brought on and offline without shutting down the computer system, providing a serious benefit to those who can't afford downtime, or who want to move drives in and out of operation quickly. The higher number of wires in the power connection is partially explained by this, as six of the fifteen wires are dedicated to allowing the hot-swap feature.

Price

Comparing ATA drives to SATA drives can be tricky given all of the variables, but in general it is the case that SATA drives will still cost just a bit more than a comparable ATA drive. The gap is closing rapidly though, and as SATA drives gain in popularity and availability a distinct shift in prices can be expected. Considering the benefits of SATA over ATA, the potential difference of a few dollars can easily be justified when considering an upgrade. Computer Geeks currently has a limited selection of SATA drives, but several technical sites, such as The Tech Zone and The Tech Lounge, offer real time price guides to see how comparable drives stack up.

Final Words

The current SATA standard provides significant benefits over ATA in terms of convenience, power consumption and, most importantly, performance. The main thing ATA has going for it right now is history, as it has been the standard for so long that it will not likely disappear any time soon. The future of SATA will be even more interesting as speed increases will help hard drive development keep pace with other key system components.

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